[In Western countries, testosterone in males has dropped by 30% since 1987.] (https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilhowe/2017/10/02/youre-not-the-man-your-father-was/)

[More evidence of the same.] (https://www.healio.com/endocrinology/hormone-therapy/news/print/endocrine-today/%7Bac23497d-f1ed-4278-bbd2-92bb1e552e3a%7D/generational-decline-in-testosterone-levels-observed)

[Sperm count in Western men has dropped over 50% since 1973.] ( https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/16/health/male-sperm-count-problem.html)

[Average levels of testosterone get lower and lower every year.] (https://uk.reuters.com/article/health-testosterone-levels-dc/mens-testosterone-levels-declined-in-last-20-years-idUKKIM16976320061031)

[Men's fertility rate gets lower and lower every year.] (https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate)

If you took the average man of today to the early 20th Century, his androgen levels (the hormones that distinguish men from women and children) would be much closer to a woman's than a man's.

And how important is this? Incredibly important:

[The incredible effects of testosterone.] (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5054608/)

Bone structures and shapes, bone density, muscle strength, metabolism, fertility, behavior...

Now the question is: Why is this happening?

My theory is [neoteny caused by domestication] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1gzpEktyKo).

Whenever a species is domesticated, it very quickly evolves into looking and acting like juvenile versions of themselves. The transformation is the same for all species: apes, wolves, pigs, birds...

  • Shorter mandibles and shorter maxillas

  • Smaller viscerocraniums, larger neurocraniums

  • Larger heads, smaller bodies

  • Higher intelligence, but weaker bodies

  • Less aggressive behavior, less confrontational, less predatory

  • Larger eyes

  • Floppy ears

[Scientists Dimitri Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut studied the artificial selection of foxes.] (https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo25568406.html) They selected the tamest, most docile, less aggressive foxes and made them breed. And these changes are damn fast: within just a few generations they obtained huge physical changes, all listed above.

[Here] (http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wrstrick/secu/ansc455/heads.gif) and [here] (http://www.kurzweilai.net/images/baby-schema-across-animals.png) you have examples of adult specimens compared to their "babies".

Compare [the skull of an adult chimpanzee] (https://www.google.es/search?biw=1189&bih=592&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=x3xuXPPaBKiKlwTj06e4BA&q=chimpenzee+skull&oq=chimpenzee+skull&gs_l=img.3...23013.25092..25273...0.0..0.135.1827.0j16....2..0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0j0i5i30j0i30j0i19j0i5i30i19j0i30i19.gLGlhCxWCkU) with [the skull of a baby chimpanzee] (https://www.google.es/search?biw=1189&bih=592&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=4XxuXJ2WB6OOlwTS16OgBQ&q=baby+chimpanzee+skull&oq=baby+chimpanzee+skull&gs_l=img.3..0i19.213465.213948..214126...0.0..0.128.593.0j5......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i7i30.tVNA7xc08lw). And then take a look, and compare those skulls, to [the skull of an adult human] (https://www.google.es/search?biw=1189&bih=592&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=uH1uXIX3J47QaPqeneAI&q=human+skull&oq=human+skull&gs_l=img.3..0i67j0l9.32356.33639..33857...0.0..0.163.1312.0j11....2..0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i131.P53gpJ8ZuIQ).

Yes, humans are basically baby chimpanzees. The same thing happens with bonobos and gorillas.

Or take for example [the skull of an adult wolf] (https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/413fq165otL.jpg) and compare it to [a wolf puppy] (https://pre00.deviantart.net/904f/th/pre/i/2011/341/8/4/puppy_skull_by_wolflova202-d4igjvo.jpg). Then compare those to [an adult domestic dog.] (https://rescuecritters.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/full_81_121-2-600x420.jpg)

[Here you have a comparison of the skulls of a wolf and a pug, to make things clear.] (https://500questions.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/dog-skulls.jpg) The ears also change, not only the eyes, the body proportions, the skull bones...

How about [a wild boar] (https://assets.catawiki.nl/assets/2018/1/30/b/c/f/bcfa126a-69c6-462f-888a-491f4d95eeb0.jpg) compared to [a domestic pig] (http://www.d91.k12.id.us/skyline/science/zoology/pig.jpg)? Shorter maxilla and mandible, larger eyes, floppier ears, larger heads, smaller bodies, less aggressive behavior.

These changes are all the result of domestication and artificial selection, man-made evolution.

Changes in behavior ALWAYS require changes in body. For example: lower testosterone means lower aggressiveness, but it also means weaker bones and weaker muscles. Men with lower androgens are less controlling and possessive, but they also have more baby-like faces, less prominent bone structures in the face, and weaker bodies. You cannot domesticate a species without turning it into babies.

Are men's changes over the past few generations an extension of this principle? Is this simply the newest phase of evolution into neoteny?

Did men change because of artificial selection? Did humans experience physical changes because they domesticated themselves?